DICLOFENAC AMPOULES 75MG 3ML

pharmachologic effect

Diclofenac has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Indirectly inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, violates the metabolism of arachidonic acid, reduces the amount of prostaglandins in the focus of inflammation. In rheumatic diseases, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of diclofenac significantly reduces the severity of pain, morning stiffness, swelling of the joints, which improves the functional state of the joint.
With injuries in the postoperative period, diclofenac reduces pain and inflammatory edema.

Pharmacokinetics

The time to reach the maximum concentration for intramuscular use at a dose of 75 mg is 15-30 minutes, the maximum concentration is 1.9-4.8 (on average 2.7) mcg / ml. After 3 hours after administration, plasma concentrations averaged 10% of the maximum.
Communication with plasma proteins - more than 99% (most associated with albumin).
Metabolism occurs as a result of repeated or single hydroxylation and conjugation with glucuronic acid. The enzyme system of P450 CYP2C9 is involved in the metabolism of the drug. Pharmacological activity of metabolites is lower than diclofenac.
Systemic clearance is 350 ml / min, the volume of distribution - 550 ml / kg. Plasma elimination half-life is 2 hours. 65% of the administered dose is excreted in the form of metabolites by the kidneys; less than 1% is excreted unchanged, the rest of the dose is excreted in the form of metabolites with bile.
In patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml / min), excretion of bile metabolites is increased, and there is no increase in their concentration in the blood.
In patients with chronic hepatitis or compensated liver cirrhosis, the pharmacokinetic parameters of diclofenac do not change.
Diclofenac penetrates into breast milk.

Indications

For short-term treatment of pain of various origins of moderate intensity:

• diseases of the musculoskeletal system (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic, juvenile chronic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gouty arthritis, rheumatic soft tissue damage, osteoarthritis of the peripheral joints and spinal column, including those with radicular syndrome, tendovaginitis, bursitis);
• neuralgia, myalgia, lumboischialgia, post-traumatic pain syndrome accompanied by inflammation, postoperative pain, headache, migraine, algomenorrhea, adnexitis, proctitis.
• febrile syndrome.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity (including to other NSAIDs), erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, "aspirin" triad, hematopoietic disorders, disorders of hemostasis (including hemophilia), pregnancy, child age (up to 18 years ), lactation period.

Carefully
Anemia, bronchial asthma, congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension, edema syndrome, hepatic or renal failure, alcoholism, inflammatory bowel disease, erosive and ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract without exacerbation, diabetes mellitus, condition after extensive surgical interventions, induced porphyria, elderly age, diverticulitis, systemic connective tissue diseases.

Dosing regimen

Introduced deeply intramuscularly. Single dose for adults - 75 mg (1 ampoule). If necessary, re-introduction is possible, but not earlier than after 12 hours.
Duration of use is not more than 2 days, if necessary, further transferred to oral or rectal use of diclofenac.

Side effects

Gastrointestinal tract:
More often 1% - abdominal pain, feeling of abdominal distention, diarrhea, nausea, constipation, flatulence, increased levels of “liver” enzymes, peptic ulcer with possible complications (bleeding, perforation), Gastrointestinal bleeding;
Less often 1% - vomiting, jaundice, melen, appearance of blood in feces, esophageal lesion, aphthous stomatitis, dry mouth and mucous membranes, hepatitis (possibly fulminant course), liver necrosis, cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome, appetite changes, pancreatitis, cholecystopancreatitis, colitis.

Nervous system:
More often 1% - headache, dizziness.
Less than 1% - sleep disturbance, drowsiness, depression, irritability,aseptic meningitis (more often in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic diseases of the connective tissue), convulsions, weakness, disorientation, nightmares, fear.

Sense organs:
More often 1% - tinnitus.
Less than 1% - blurred vision, diplopia, taste disturbance, reversible or irreversible hearing loss, scotoma.

Skin:
More often 1% - pruritus, skin rash.
Less than 1% - alopecia, urticaria, eczema, toxic dermatitis, exudative erythema multiforme, incl. Stevens-Jones syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), increased photosensitivity, petechial hemorrhages.

Genitourinary system:
More often than 1% - fluid retention.
Less often 1% - nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria, oliguria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, papillary necrosis, acute renal failure, azotemia.

Hematopoietic organs and immune system:
Less often 1% - anemia (including hemolytic and aplastic anemia), leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, worsening of the course of infectious processes (development of necrotic fasciitis, pneumonia).

Respiratory system:
Less than 1% - cough, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, pneumonitis.

The cardiovascular system:
Less often 1% - increase in arterial pressure, congestive heart failure, extrasystole, chest pain.

Allergic reactions:
Less than 1% - Anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactic shock (usually develops rapidly), swelling of the lips and tongue, allergic vasculitis.

Local reactions with intramuscular injection:
Burning, infiltration, aseptic necrosis, adipose tissue necrosis.

Overdose

Symptoms: vomiting, dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, clouding of consciousness, in children - myoclonic convulsions, nausea, abdominal pain, bleeding, impaired liver and kidney function.
Treatment: symptomatic therapy, forced diuresis.
Hemodialysis is ineffective.

Drug interaction

Increases plasma concentration of Digoxin, Methotrexate, lithium and cyclosporine drugs.
Reduces the effect of diuretics, against the background of potassium-sparing diuretics increases the risk of hyperkalemia; against the background of anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents (alteplaza, streptokinase, urokinase) - the risk of bleeding (usually from the gastrointestinal tract).
Reduces the effects of hypotensive and hypnotic drugs.
Increases the likelihood of side effects of other NSAIDs and glucocorticoid drugs (bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract), the toxicity of methotrexate and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.
Acetylsalicylic acid reduces the concentration of diclofenac in the blood.
Simultaneous use with Paracetamol increases the risk of the development of the nephrotoxic effects of diclofenac.
Reduces the effect of hypoglycemic agents.
Cefamundol, cefoperazone, cefotetan, valproic acid and plykamycin increase the incidence of hypoprothrombinemia.
Cyclosporine and gold preparations increase the effect of diclofenac on the synthesis of prostaglandins in the kidneys, which increases nephrotoxicity.
The simultaneous appointment with ethanol, colchicine, corticotropin and St. John's wort preparations increases the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
Diclofenac enhances the effect of drugs that cause photosensitization.
Drugs that block tubular secretion, increase plasma concentration of diclofenac, thereby increasing its toxicity.

special instructions

Patients using the drug should refrain from activities that require increased attention and quick mental and motor reactions, alcohol consumption.

Terms and conditions of storage

List B. In the dark, out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Shelf life

3 years. Do not use after expiration date.

Pharmacy holidays

On prescription.